Diabetes Warning Sign: Thirst
People with type 2 diabetes frequently have no symptoms. When symptoms do appear, one of the first may be an increase in thirst. This is often accompanied by additional problems, including dry mouth, increased appetite, frequent urination — sometimes as often as every hour — and unusual weight loss or gain.
People with type 2 diabetes frequently have no symptoms. When symptoms do appear, one of the first may be an increase in thirst. This is often accompanied by additional problems, including dry mouth, increased appetite, frequent urination — sometimes as often as every hour — and unusual weight loss or gain.
Diabetes Warning Sign: Headaches
As blood sugar levels become more abnormal, additional symptoms may include headaches, blurred vision, and fatigue.
As blood sugar levels become more abnormal, additional symptoms may include headaches, blurred vision, and fatigue.
Diabetes Warning Sign: Infections
In many cases, type 2 diabetes is not discovered until it takes a noticeable toll on health. One red flag is troubling infections, such as:
In many cases, type 2 diabetes is not discovered until it takes a noticeable toll on health. One red flag is troubling infections, such as:
*Cuts or
sores that are slow to heal
*Frequent yeast infections or urinary tract infections
*Itchy skin, especially in the groin area
*Frequent yeast infections or urinary tract infections
*Itchy skin, especially in the groin area
Diabetes Warning Sign: Sexual Dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction is common among people with diabetes. Diabetes can cause damage to blood vessels and nerve endings in the genitals, leading to a loss of feeling and making orgasm difficult. Other complications can include vaginal dryness and impotence in men. It’s estimated between 35% and 70% of men with diabetes will have at least some degree of impotence in their lifetime. And about 1 in 3 women with diabetes will experience some form of sexual dysfunction.
Risk Factors You Can Control
Some health habits and medical conditions related to your lifestyle can increase the odds of developing type 2 diabetes, including:
Sexual dysfunction is common among people with diabetes. Diabetes can cause damage to blood vessels and nerve endings in the genitals, leading to a loss of feeling and making orgasm difficult. Other complications can include vaginal dryness and impotence in men. It’s estimated between 35% and 70% of men with diabetes will have at least some degree of impotence in their lifetime. And about 1 in 3 women with diabetes will experience some form of sexual dysfunction.
Risk Factors You Can Control
Some health habits and medical conditions related to your lifestyle can increase the odds of developing type 2 diabetes, including:
*Being
overweight, especially at the waist
*A sedentary lifestyle
*Smoking
*A diet high in red meat, processed meat, high-fat dairy products, and sweets
*Abnormal cholesterol and blood fats, such as HDL “good” cholesterol lower than 35 mg/dL and /or a triglyceride level over 250 mg/dL
Risk Factors You Can’t Control
Other risk factors are out of your control, including:
*A sedentary lifestyle
*Smoking
*A diet high in red meat, processed meat, high-fat dairy products, and sweets
*Abnormal cholesterol and blood fats, such as HDL “good” cholesterol lower than 35 mg/dL and /or a triglyceride level over 250 mg/dL
Risk Factors You Can’t Control
Other risk factors are out of your control, including:
*Race or
ethnicity: Hispanics, African Americans, Native Americans, and Asians have a
higher than average risk.
*Family history of diabetes: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes boosts your risk.
*Age: Being 45 and older increases your risk of type 2 diabetes.
*Family history of diabetes: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes boosts your risk.
*Age: Being 45 and older increases your risk of type 2 diabetes.
The more
risk factors you have, the greater your odds of developing type 2 diabetes.
Risk Factors for Women
Having gestational diabetes when you’re pregnant puts you at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes later on. Women who give birth to a baby weighing over 9 pounds are also at risk. Having a history of polycystic ovary syndrome can also cause insulin resistance that can lead to diabetes.
How Does Insulin Work?
In a healthy person, insulin helps turn food into energy — in an efficient manner. The stomach breaks down carbohydrates from food into sugars, including glucose. Glucose then enters the bloodstream, which stimulates the pancreas to release insulin in just the right amount. Insulin, a hormone, allows glucose to enter cells throughout the body, where it is used as fuel. Excess glucose is stored in the liver.
Having gestational diabetes when you’re pregnant puts you at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes later on. Women who give birth to a baby weighing over 9 pounds are also at risk. Having a history of polycystic ovary syndrome can also cause insulin resistance that can lead to diabetes.
How Does Insulin Work?
In a healthy person, insulin helps turn food into energy — in an efficient manner. The stomach breaks down carbohydrates from food into sugars, including glucose. Glucose then enters the bloodstream, which stimulates the pancreas to release insulin in just the right amount. Insulin, a hormone, allows glucose to enter cells throughout the body, where it is used as fuel. Excess glucose is stored in the liver.
Type 2 Diabetes: Metabolism Mishaps
In type 2 diabetes, the cells cannot absorb glucose properly. That means glucose levels in the blood become elevated. If you’ve developed a condition called insulin resistance, the body makes excess insulin, but the muscle, liver, and fat cells do not use or respond properly to the insulin. With long-standing uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, the pancreas will reduce the amount of insulin it produces.
Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes
A simple blood test can diagnose diabetes. The A1C test gives a snapshot of your average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months. An A1C level of 6.5% or higher may indicate diabetes. With a fasting plasma glucose test, a result above 126 is considered diabetes. Your doctor may order an oral glucose challenge test with a two-hour blood test. In people with classic symptoms of diabetes, a random blood glucose level of greater than 200 can help diagnosis diabetes.
Managing Diabetes: Diet
fortunately, controlling blood sugar levels by changing diet and losing excess weight can also cut your risk of complications. People with type 2 diabetes should carefully monitor carbohydrate consumption and keep the amounts of carbs in your meals fairly consistent, as well as total fat and protein intake, and reduce calories. Ask your doctor for a referral to a registered dietitian to help you with healthy choices and an eating plan that will work for you.
In type 2 diabetes, the cells cannot absorb glucose properly. That means glucose levels in the blood become elevated. If you’ve developed a condition called insulin resistance, the body makes excess insulin, but the muscle, liver, and fat cells do not use or respond properly to the insulin. With long-standing uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, the pancreas will reduce the amount of insulin it produces.
Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetes
A simple blood test can diagnose diabetes. The A1C test gives a snapshot of your average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 months. An A1C level of 6.5% or higher may indicate diabetes. With a fasting plasma glucose test, a result above 126 is considered diabetes. Your doctor may order an oral glucose challenge test with a two-hour blood test. In people with classic symptoms of diabetes, a random blood glucose level of greater than 200 can help diagnosis diabetes.
Managing Diabetes: Diet
fortunately, controlling blood sugar levels by changing diet and losing excess weight can also cut your risk of complications. People with type 2 diabetes should carefully monitor carbohydrate consumption and keep the amounts of carbs in your meals fairly consistent, as well as total fat and protein intake, and reduce calories. Ask your doctor for a referral to a registered dietitian to help you with healthy choices and an eating plan that will work for you.
Managing Diabetes: Exercise
Routine exercise, such as strength training or walking, improves the body’s use of insulin and can lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Being active also helps reduce body fat, lower blood pressure, and protect against heart disease. People with type 2 diabetes should try to get 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days of the week.
Managing Diabetes: Stress Reduction
Stress can cause blood pressure to rise. It can also increase glucose levels in your blood as part of your “fight or flight” response. Or you may turn to food to cope with stress. All are bad when living with diabetes. Instead of letting stress take its toll, try practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or visualization. Sometimes talking to a friend, family member, counsellor, or member of the clergy can help. If you’re still battling stress, reach out to your doctor.
Managing Diabetes: Oral Medication
When people with type 2 diabetes are unable to control blood sugar sufficiently with diet and exercise, medication may be added. There are many types of diabetes pills available, and they are often used in combination. Some work by stimulating the pancreas to make more insulin, and others improve the effectiveness of insulin, or block the digestion of starches. Some medications used to treat type 2 diabetes also help inhibit the breakdown of insulin.
Routine exercise, such as strength training or walking, improves the body’s use of insulin and can lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Being active also helps reduce body fat, lower blood pressure, and protect against heart disease. People with type 2 diabetes should try to get 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days of the week.
Managing Diabetes: Stress Reduction
Stress can cause blood pressure to rise. It can also increase glucose levels in your blood as part of your “fight or flight” response. Or you may turn to food to cope with stress. All are bad when living with diabetes. Instead of letting stress take its toll, try practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or visualization. Sometimes talking to a friend, family member, counsellor, or member of the clergy can help. If you’re still battling stress, reach out to your doctor.
Managing Diabetes: Oral Medication
When people with type 2 diabetes are unable to control blood sugar sufficiently with diet and exercise, medication may be added. There are many types of diabetes pills available, and they are often used in combination. Some work by stimulating the pancreas to make more insulin, and others improve the effectiveness of insulin, or block the digestion of starches. Some medications used to treat type 2 diabetes also help inhibit the breakdown of insulin.
Managing Diabetes: Insulin
Your doctor may prescribe insulin early on in your treatment and in combination with pills. Insulin can also use in people with type 2 diabetes who develop “beta-cell failure.” This means the cells in the pancreas no longer produce insulin in response to high blood sugar levels. In this case, insulin therapy — injections or an insulin pump — must become part of the daily routine.
source: WebMD/Reviewed by Brunilda Nazario
Your doctor may prescribe insulin early on in your treatment and in combination with pills. Insulin can also use in people with type 2 diabetes who develop “beta-cell failure.” This means the cells in the pancreas no longer produce insulin in response to high blood sugar levels. In this case, insulin therapy — injections or an insulin pump — must become part of the daily routine.
source: WebMD/Reviewed by Brunilda Nazario
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